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Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is the leading cause of legal blindness in the USA for adults over the age of 55. Over 10 million Americans are affected by this condition which causes a painless deterioration of central vision. This impairs the ability to read, drive, or recognize faces and fine details. Even in its' worst form, when central vision can be completely blacked out, macular degeneration does NOT extinguish peripheral vision (side vision). People with peripheral vision can see large objects by looking at them off-center. They can usually walk and avoid bumping into things unassisted, and can learn to maximize their functioning with the vision that remains.

There are two basic types of macular degeneration, referred to as “dry” and “wet”. “Dry” macular degeneration is much more common. It is a slowly progressive aging change for which there is no cure but which, research suggests, may be slowed down by adopting certain diet and life style habits. These include vitamins and a diet including leafy green vegetables, glasses that block ultraviolet sunlight, and abstaining from tobacco use. The time scale of progression of dry macular degeneration is usually over many years. It is impossible to predict how quickly someone's disease will progress or how badly the vision will be affected. But it is important for patients to realize that many active and productive people have the condition and find ways to cope with their vision changes in order to maintain a high quality of life. Low vision aids, life style adjustments, and advice from a doctor or counselor can all help.

“Wet” macular degeneration is less common than the “dry” type but causes more rapid and significant visual loss. The term “wet” is a euphemism for “bleeding”. In the area of the macula that has dry macular degeneration, a focal bleeding can occur. This distorts the macula like a blister and blocks light from getting through. Someone with new, “wet”, macular degeneration will notice, over days or weeks, that central vision in the affected eye seems wavy, distorted, or blacked out. There are various treatments for wet macular degeneration which all aim to control or eliminate the site that is bleeding. The earlier the intervention, the better the outcome. Therefore, patients should see their ophthalmologist immediately if they perceive an obvious and fairly rapid worsening in their vision.

The two sites below provide excellent background, pictures and resources for macular degeneration.

www.eyesight.org    www.macular.org

For information on Low Vision

www.nei.nih.gov/health/maculardegen/


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